Explore parameter sensitivities and model calibration in a locally coupled environment

A locally coupled Single Column Model (SCM) was used for sensitivity analysis and model calibration. The sensitivity analysis was used to identify 32 land-surface parameters which appeared to be more or less sensitive in the locally coupled environment. The multi-objective sensitive analysis shows that the land surface-atmosphere interactions could have significant influences on the model parameter sensitivities. The calibration results suggest that it is crucial to include both land-surface and atmospheric parameters in the calibration of a coupled land surface model

Exploring parameter sensitivities of the land surface using a locally coupled land-atmosphere model

This paper presents a multicriteria analysis that explores the sensitivity of the land surface to changes in both land and atmospheric parameters, in terms of reproducing surface heat fluxes and ground temperature; for the land parameters, offline sensitivity analyses were also conducted for comparison to infer the influence of land-atmosphere interactions. A simple "one-at-a-time" sensitivity analysis was conducted first to filter out some insensitive parameters, followed by a multicriteria sensitivity analysis using the multiobjective generalized sensitivity analysis algorithm. The models used were the locally coupled National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) single-column community climate model and the offline NCAR land surface model, driven and evaluated by a summer intensive operational periods (IOP) data set from the southern Great Plains. As expected, the results show that land-atmosphere interactions (with or without land-atmosphere parameter interactions) can have significant influences on the sensitivity of the land surface to changes in the land parameters, and the single-criterion sensitivities can be significantly different from the multicriteria sensitivity. These findings are mostly model and data independent and can be generally useful, regardless of the model/data dependence of the sensitivities of individual parameters. The exceptionally high sensitivities of the selected atmospheric parameters in a multicriteria sense (and in particular for latent heat) appeal for adequate attention to the specification of effective values of these parameters in an atmospheric model. Overall, this study proposes an effective framework of multicriteria sensitivity analysis beneficial to future studies in the development and parameter estimation of other complex (offline or coupled) land surface models. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union

Effective and efficient algorithm for multiobjective optimization of hydrologic models

Practical experience with the calibration of hydrologic models suggests that any single-objective function, no matter how carefully chosen, is often inadequate to properly measure all of the characteristics of the observed data deemed to be important. One strategy to circumvent this problem is to define several optimization criteria (objective functions) that measure different (complementary) aspects of the system behavior and to use multicriteria optimization to identify the set of nondominated, efficient, or Pareto optimal solutions. In this paper, we present an efficient and effective Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler, entitled the Multiobjective Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis (MOSCEM) algorithm, which is capable of solving the multiobjective optimization problem for hydrologic models. MOSCEM is an improvement over the Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis (SCEM-UA) global optimization algorithm, using the concept of Pareto dominance (rather than direct single-objective function evaluation) to evolve the initial population of points toward a set of solutions stemming from a stable distribution (Pareto set). The efficacy of the MOSCEM-UA algorithm is compared with the original MOCOM-UA algorithm for three hydrologic modeling case studies of increasing complexity

Sensitivity analysis of a land surface scheme using multicriteria methods

Attempts to model surface-atmosphere interactions with greater physical realism have resulted in complex land surface schemes (LSS) with large numbers of parameters. A companion paper describes a multicriteria calibration procedure for extracting plot-scale estimates of the preferred ranges of these parameters from the various observational data sets that are now available. A complementary procedure is presented in this paper that provides an objective determination of the multicriteria sensitivity of the modeled variables to the parameters, thereby allowing the number of calibration parameters and hence the computational effort to be reduced. Two case studies are reported for the BATS model using data sets of typical quality but very different location and climatological regime (ARM-CART and Tucson). The sensitivity results were found to be consistent with the physical properties of the different environments, thereby supporting the reasonableness of the model formulation. Further, when the insensitive parameters are omitted from the calibration process, there is little degradation in the quality of the model description and little change in the preferred range of the remaining parameters. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union

Parameter sensitivity analysis for different complexity land surface models using multicriteria methods

A multicriteria algorithm, the MultiObjective Generalized Sensitivity Analysis (MOGSA), was used to investigate the parameter sensitivity of five different land surface models with increasing levels of complexity in the physical representation of the vegetation (BUCKET, CHASM, BATS 1, Noah, and BATS 2) at five different sites representing crop land/ pasture, grassland, rain forest, cropland, and semidesert areas. The methodology allows for the inclusion of parameter interaction and does not require assumptions of independence between parameters, while at the same time allowing for the ranking of several single-criterion and a global multicriteria sensitivity indices. The analysis required on the order of 50 thousand model runs. The results confirm that parameters with similar "physical meaning" across different model structures behave in different ways depending on the model and the locations. It is also shown that after a certain level an increase in model structure complexity does not necessarily lead to better parameter identifiability, i.e., higher sensitivity, and that a certain level of overparameterization is observed. For the case of the BATS 1 and BATS 2 models, with essentially the same model structure but a more sophisticated vegetation model, paradoxically, the effect on parameter sensitivity is mainly reflected in the sensitivity of the soil-related parameter. Copyright 2006 by the American Geophysical Union

Parameter estimation of a land surface scheme using multicriteria methods

Attempts to create models of surface-atmosphere interactions with greater physical realism have resulted in land surface schemes (LSS) with large numbers of parameters. The hope has been that these parameters can be assigned typical values by inspecting the literature. The potential for using the various observational data sets that are now available to extract plot-scale estimates for the parameters of a complex LSS via advanced parameter estimation methods developed for hydrological models is explored in this paper. Results are reported for two case studies using data sets of typical quality but very different location and climatological regime (ARM-CART and Tucson). The traditional single-criterion methods were found to be of limited value. However, a multicriteria approach was found to be effective in constraining the parameter estimates into physically plausible ranges when observations on at least one appropriate heat flux and one properly selected state variable are available. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union

Diseño y aplicación de un programa de capacitación para evitar el consumo de drogas y alcohol dirigido a los estudiantes de los décimos años de educación básica del Instituto Técnico Industrial “Ramón Barba Naranjo” en el periodo 2012 – 2013

The research called “A training program Design and Implementation in order to prevent drug and alcohol abuse in tenth grade of Basic Education at “Ramón Barba Naranjo " Industrial Technical Institute". The study characteristics are those of a qualitative research on the research method. The research design was developed in four steps: Assessment, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation. For this study, students and a teacher participate in it. An interview was applied as data collection instrument. A categorization triangulation was applied in order to make information analysis. This action let a right theorizing. The results allowed us to conclude that the institutional problems are the drug use risks in the daily routine. So that, the preventive strategies will provide teenager tools to achieve integral training and the ability to solve their problems with creative according his/her real way. The student addresses this problem by generating of prevention forms.La investigación realizada tuvo como finalidad implementar por medio de un programa de Capacitación estrategias preventivas para evitar el consumo de drogas y alcohol destinado a alumnos de decimos años del Instituto Técnico Industrial “Ramón Barba Naranjo”, basado en el manejo y comprensión de la problemática de las drogas y alcohol. Las características de este estudio son las de una investigación cualitativa bajo el método investigativo. El diseño de la investigación se desarrolló en cuatro fases: Diagnóstico, Planificación, Ejecución y Evaluación. Para este estudio se tomó como informantes estudiantes y un docente que asiste regularmente al plantel antes mencionado, a quienes se les aplicó la entrevista en profundidad como instrumento de recolección de información. Para el análisis de la información se aplicó la categorización y triangulación, para luego formular la teorización correspondiente. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron llegar a la conclusión que la problemática que se presenta en la Institución, es la situación de riesgo en el consumo de drogas, que viven diariamente los alumnos y alumnas de la misma, por lo que es necesario la implementación de estrategias preventivas que le proporcionen al adolescente herramientas para lograr su formación integral y la capacidad para solucionar sus problemas con respuestas creativas y ajustadas a su realidad, es conveniente que el estudiante aborde esta problemática generando formas de prevención

Plan de Integración del Plano Vertical al Paisaje Urbano.

En el Pla d’Integració del Pla Vertical al Paisatge Urbà es descriuen les propostes de disseny realitzades per a la millora del pla vertical de l’espai públic del Bon Pastor, barri barceloní que pertany al Districte de Sant Andreu, limítrof amb el riu Besòs. Del pla vertical, incidirem en els casos de la mitgera i el mur, concretament en aquelles superfícies deficients de qualitat de disseny urbà en termes visuals, termo-acústics, energètics, mediambientals i de sostenibilitat.No obstant això, amb la intencionalitat de dur a terme un procés de disseny íntegre de l’espai, les solucions contemplen intervencions a la resta del envoltant; d’aquesta manera, per la millora de les mitgeres la intervenció a la façana es torna imperatiu, i en el cas dels murs, la reformulació de l’espai confrontant. Tot això ens condueix a tres eixos d’intervencions juxtaposades per solucionar una mateixa problemàtica, per la qual cosa s’ha aprofundit en els referents de tractament de pla vertical i altres models anàlegs en el context de la ciutat comtal.Una primera actuació serà l’elaboració del Pla de Color de Bon Pastor que incideix en la totalitat de l’envolvent de l’edificat, exemplificat a partir de les mitgeres de la plaça Felix Rodríguez de la Fuente, de les façanes i mitgeres dels edificis del carrer de Mare Eterna i de les façanes dels polígons d’habitatges de carrer Lima. Un segon eix suposarà la intervenció sostenible de l’edifici El Rusc, realitzat per l’arquitecte Oriol Bohigas, així com dels polígons d’habitatges limítrofs, introduint-se el pla zenital de l’espai públic a través de la coberta verda. Finalment, un tercer exercici abastarà la reformulació dels espais buits persistents no resolts, que potencien l’impacte visual dels murs i mitgeres als quals s’adossen. Aquest apartat es veurà desenvolupat a través de la generació d’un passeig en el estacionamientoactual de carrer Lima, la promoció d’usos temporals en els solars buits -plantejat en l’exercici a través de la realització d’un cinema en el lot buit davant de l’estació de metro de Bon Pastor- i la creació d’espai públic a l’aparcament informal comprès entre els carrers Sant Adrià, de la Formiga, de l’Estadella i de Flix, al qual es veurà associat el nostre procés de participació ciutadana.The Plan for the Integration of the Vertical Plan to the Urban Landscape describes the design proposals made for the improvement of the vertical plan of the public space of Bon Pastor, a Barcelona neighborhood that belongs to the District of Sant Andreu, bordering the Besòs River. From the vertical plane, we will focus on the cases of the dividing wall and the wall, specifically on those deficient surfaces of urban design quality in visual, thermo-acoustic, energy, environmental and sustainability terms.However, with the intention of carrying out a process of integral design of the space, the solutions contemplate interventions in the rest of the envelope; in this way, for the improvement of the medians, the intervention in the façade becomes imperative, and in the case of the walls, the reformulation of the adjoining space. All this leads us to three axes of juxtaposed interventions to solve the same problem, for which we have deepened in the referents of treatment of vertical plane and other analogous models in the context of the city of Barcelona.A first action will be the elaboration of the Plan of Color of Bon Pastor that affects the entire envelope of the building, exemplified by the dividing walls of the Felix Rodríguez de la Fuente square, the facades and medians of the buildings of the street of Mare Eterna and the facades of the housing estates of Lima Street. A second axis will involve the sustainable intervention of the La Colmena building, carried out by the architect Oriol Bohigas, as well as the surrounding housing estates, introducing the top plane of the public space through the green roof. Finally, a third exercise will include the reformulation of the persistent unresolved voids, which enhance the visual impact of the walls and medians to which they adjoin. This section will be developed through the generation of a ride in the current parking lot of Lima Street, the promotion of temporary uses in empty lots -proposed in the exercise through the realization of a cinema in the empty lot opposite the station. Metro de Bon Pastor- and the creation of a public space in the informal parking lot between Sant Adrià, Formiga, de l’Estadella and Flix streets, which will be associated with our citizen participation process.En el Plan de Integración del Plano Vertical al Paisaje Urbano se describen las propuestas de diseño realizadas para el mejoramiento del plano vertical del espacio público del Bon Pastor, barrio barcelonés que pertenece al Distrito de Sant Andreu, limítrofe con el río Besós. Del plano vertical, incidiremos en los casos de la medianera y el muro, concretamente en aquellas superficies deficientes de calidad de diseño urbano en términos visuales, termo-acústicos, energéticos, medioambientales y de sostenibilidad.Sin embargo, con la intencionalidad de llevar a cabo un proceso de diseño íntegro del espacio, las soluciones contemplan intervenciones en el resto del envolvente; de esta forma, para el mejoramiento de las medianeras la intervención en la fachada se vuelve imperativo, y en el caso de los muros, la reformulación del espacio colindante. Todo ello nos conduce a tres ejes de intervenciones yuxtapuestas para solventar una misma problemática, para lo cual se ha profundizado en los referentes de tratamiento de plano vertical y otros modelos análogos en el contexto de la ciudad condal.Una primera actuación será la elaboración del Plan de Color de Bon Pastor que incide en la totalidad del envolvente del edificado, ejemplificado a partir de las medianeras de la plaza Felix Rodríguez de la Fuente, de las fachadas y medianeras de los edificios de la calle de Mare Eterna y de las fachadas de los polígonos de viviendas de calle Lima. Un segundo eje supondrá la intervención sostenible del edificio La Colmena, realizado por el arquitecto Oriol Bohigas, así como de los polígonos de viviendas aledaños, introduciéndose el plano cenital del espacio público a través de la cubierta verde. Por último, un tercer ejercicio abarcará la reformulación de los espacios vacíos persistentes no resueltos, que potencian el impacto visual de los muros y medianeras a los que se adosan. Este apartado se verá desarrollado a través de la generación de un paseo en el estacionamientoactual de calle Lima, la promoción de usos temporales en los solares vacíos —planteado en el ejercicio a través de la realización de un cine en el lote vacío frente a la estación de metro de Bon Pastor— y la creación de espacio público en el aparcamiento informal comprendido entre las calles Sant Adrià, de la Formiga, de l’Estadella y de Flix, al que se verá asociado nuestro proceso de participación ciudadana

La satisfacción laboral y el compromiso organizacional de los colaboradores de la empresa Makro Supermayorista con sede en Huancayo

El presente trabajo muestra el análisis de la relación existente entre el compromiso organizacional y la satisfacción laboral de los colaboradores de La empresa Makro Supermayorista Para lograr este objetivo se utilizó los instrumentos: Cuestionario de Satisfacción Laboral S20/23 de José L. Meliá y José M. Peiró (1998) y Escala Compromiso Organizacional (Natalie J. Allen y John P. Meyer, 1991); estos se aplicaron a una muestra conformada por 81 colaboradores de diferente género, antigüedad laboral, grado de instrucción y área de trabajo. Luego de procesar los datos, los resultados reflejaron que existe una relación directa entre ambas variables y esta es positiva., ya que cuenta con estrategias y cualidades que refuerzan estos criterios en los colaboradores, aunque se debe reforzar